Chapter 3: State and Empire

The Histories

On Persians,

•  practice is to offer sacrifices to Zeus
• also sacrifice to the sun, moon, to the earth, to fire, to water, and to the winds
• the one they celebrate the most is their birthday
• the farther Persians live away from each other, the less the respect them
• the father wont pay attention to their son until they are 5 years old

On Egyptians,

• sons can choose to support their parents but aren't required to
• the women were working in the markets and trading 
• the men would sit at home 
• Women weren't able to practice in the church. 

Chapter 2: First Civilizations

• Middle Eastern, Sumerian, and the Egyptian Civilization were the earliest to emerge around 3500 B.C.E.
• Norte Chico is the largest in the Supe River Valley.
• This Civilization developed along the coast of Peru, around the same time as Egypt and Sumer. 
• Its small city's economy had extreme fishing industries along the coast. 
• Norte Chico lacked defensive walls, archeologists pottery and writing. 
• Palaces, temples, graves, kings, or warrior classes
• Indus River Valley Civilization was much larger than Egypt and Mesopotamia together. 
• South Asian civilizations slowly move eastward of the Ganges River. 
• Indus Valley Civilization was also known for its cities, Mohenjo Daro and Harappa. 
• Inside the walls were buildings, markets, houses, workshops, neighborhoods, streets, and drains to carry water and sewage.
• In ancient and recent societies, seals were used for imprinting images on document or products. 
• Seals represented a specific clan, a high official, a particular business or a prominent individual. 

How might a prominent landowner, a leading official, a clean head, or a merchant make use of such a seal?

They were used to make clay tags for bundles goods. Bull seals were owned by the high-ranked officials of powerful clans which represented the leader of the herd who had strength and brought protection. 

Chapter 1: First Peoples; First Farmers

• Our early ancestors gathered berries, nuts, roots, grain, hunting animals, and fishing. This was known as "gathering and hunting" 
• These people were known as "Paleolithic", or "Old Stone Age"
• The "Neolithic Revolution or New Stone Age was a technological breakthrough for human life. 
• Homo sapiens first emerged around 200,000-250,000. (Africa)
• Human migration began in Eurasia. 
• Cave paintings were of human beings, human handprints, and abstract designs. 
• Migration to Australia in 60,000
• The Americas: Clovis point/culture emerged around 13,000 years ago across North America. 
• Pacific:3,500 years ago
• The slow rate of population growth with low technology. 
• agriculture and urban life: lacking inequalities of wealth and power.
• women and men were equal(females were still raped and beaten.
• Agricultural Revolution-cultivation of plants and animals. 
• farmers claimed land, animals transformed as selective breeding (domestication)
• End of the last Ice Age
• A new way of life began with simple technology
• Without animals, the people of the Americas lacked sources of protein, manure, and power.
• Americas lacked grain.
• The agricultural practice also lacked in the Americas
• Human population increased when the Agricultural Revolution came around 
• Saw change in farming communities
• domestication of plants and animals (in hard times people went from plants to animals)
• Agricultural revolution transformed the human journey and the evolution of life on earth.